The early expression of VAChT and VIP in mouse sympathetic ganglia is not induced by cytokines acting through LIFRβ or CNTFRα

Sympathetic ganglia consist of noradrenergic and cholinergic neurons. The cholinergic marker protein vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) and the neuropeptide vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), co-expressed in mature cholinergic sympathetic neurons, are ®rst detectable during embryonic development of rat sympathetic ganglia. However, the subpopulation of cholinergic sympathetic neurons which innervates sweat glands in mammalian footpads starts to express VAChT and VIP during the ®rst postnatal weeks, under the in ̄uence of sweat gland-derived signals. In vitro evidence suggests that the sweat gland-derived cholinergic differentiation factor belongs to a group of neuropoietic cytokines, including LIF, CNTF and CT-1, that act through a LIFRb-containing cytokine receptor. To investigate whether the embryonic expression of cholinergic properties is elicited by a related cytokine, the expression of VAChT and VIP was analyzed in stellate ganglia of mice de®cient for the cytokine receptor subunits LIFRb or CNTFRa. The density of VAChTand VIP-immunoreactive cells in stellate ganglia of new-born animals was not different in LIFRb and CNTFRa ganglia as compared to ganglia from wild-type mice. These results demonstrate that the early, embryonic expression of VAChT and VIP is not induced by cytokines acting through LIFRbor CNTFRa-containing receptors. q 2000 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.